Ampicillin Sodium (Pentracin) 500mg Powder for Injection (IM/IV) Antibacterial Vial 50's

Certainly! Below is the detailed product description, indications, dosages, side effects, and contraindications for Ampicillin Sodium (Pentracin) 500mg Powder for Injection (IM/IV) Antibacterial Vial 50's:

Product Description:

Pentracin (Ampicillin Sodium 500mg Powder for Injection) is an antibacterial medication belonging to the penicillin group of antibiotics. It is available as a 500mg powder for injection, intended for intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration. Ampicillin Sodium works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, thereby preventing bacteria from growing and multiplying, ultimately leading to their death.

Pentracin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. It is often used in hospitals for patients who require immediate antibiotic treatment for serious infections. The product is available in a vial containing 500mg of Ampicillin Sodium, and the pack contains 50 vials.

Indications:

Pentracin (Ampicillin Sodium) is used to treat infections caused by sensitive microorganisms. These include:

1. Respiratory Tract Infections:

   • Pneumonia (community-acquired or hospital-acquired).

   • Bronchitis (acute or chronic).

   • Sinusitis.

   • Pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat).

2. Urinary Tract Infections:

   • Cystitis (bladder infection).

   • Pyelonephritis (kidney infection).

3. Gastrointestinal Infections:

   • Gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines).

   • Peritonitis (infection of the abdominal lining).

4. Meningitis:

   • Infections of the brain and spinal cord membranes (meninges).

5. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections:

   • Infections such as cellulitis, abscesses, and wound infections.

6. Bloodstream Infections (Bacteremia):

   • Serious infections where bacteria are present in the bloodstream.

7. Endocarditis:

   • Infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.

8. Prophylaxis:

   • Ampicillin is sometimes used to prevent infection in high-risk surgical patients, particularly in surgeries involving the abdominal, pelvic, or cardiac regions.

Dosages:

The dosage of Pentracin (Ampicillin Sodium 500mg Powder for Injection) depends on the type and severity of the infection, the patient's age, weight, and kidney function. The typical dosages are as follows:

For Adults:

• Mild to Moderate Infections:

  • 500mg to 1g every 6 hours (by IV or IM).

• Severe Infections:

  • 1g to 2g every 4 to 6 hours (by IV or IM).

For Children (depending on age and weight):

• Infants and Children (Over 1 Month):

  • 50mg/kg/day divided into 4 doses (by IV or IM).

• Newborns:

  • A lower dose, based on weight, should be administered under close medical supervision.

For Renal Impairment:

• Adjustments may be required for patients with renal dysfunction, particularly those with creatinine clearance less than 10 mL/min. Lower doses and extended intervals are advised.

Note: Always consult a healthcare provider for the correct dosage, especially in pediatric or elderly patients, and for those with renal impairment.

Side Effects:

Pentracin (Ampicillin Sodium) is generally well-tolerated, but some patients may experience side effects. The common and serious side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Gastrointestinal Issues:

  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

  • Oral or vaginal yeast infections (due to antibiotic disruption of normal flora).

• Allergic Reactions:

  • Rash, itching, or fever.

• Injection Site Reactions:

  • Pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site.

Serious Side Effects:

• Severe Allergic Reactions:

  • Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction causing difficulty breathing, swelling of the face/throat, and low blood pressure).

  • Angioedema (swelling of deeper layers of skin).

• Hematologic Effects:

  • Leukopenia (low white blood cell count), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), or anemia (low red blood cell count).

• Liver Toxicity:

  • Elevated liver enzymes, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), or hepatitis.

• Severe Diarrhea:

  • In rare cases, antibiotics like ampicillin can cause Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (a severe form of diarrhea caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in the colon).

• Seizures:

  • Rare, but may occur, especially in patients with kidney disease or when high doses are used.

If any of these serious side effects occur, seek immediate medical attention.

Contraindications:

Pentracin (Ampicillin Sodium) should not be used in the following situations:

1. Hypersensitivity to Ampicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillin or cephalosporins).

   • History of allergic reactions to penicillins or cephalosporins should avoid using this product due to the risk of severe reactions such as anaphylaxis.

2. Severe Renal Dysfunction:

   • Patients with severe kidney impairment may require dosage adjustments or may be contraindicated in cases of advanced renal failure.

3. Mononucleosis (Infectious Mononucleosis):

   • Ampicillin should be avoided in patients with mononucleosis, as it may cause a characteristic rash or more severe allergic reactions.

4. History of Cholestatic Jaundice or Liver Dysfunction:

   • Patients with a history of liver problems related to ampicillin or penicillin use should avoid this medication.

5. Pregnancy:

   • Pentracin (Ampicillin) is classified as Category B in pregnancy, which indicates that it has not been shown to harm the fetus. However, it should only be used if the benefits outweigh the risks, and only under a healthcare provider's recommendation.

6. Breastfeeding:

   • Ampicillin is excreted into breast milk in small amounts. It is considered safe for use during breastfeeding, but it should be used with caution in nursing mothers.

Precautions:

1. Renal Impairment:

   • Adjust the dosage in patients with kidney disease, as they are at risk of accumulating the drug in the body, leading to potential toxicity.

2. Hematologic Monitoring:

   • Regular blood tests may be recommended to monitor for leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or other blood-related side effects, especially with long-term use.

3. Superinfection:

   • Prolonged use of ampicillin may result in a secondary infection caused by resistant organisms, including fungal infections or Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

4. Pregnancy and Lactation:

   • While generally considered safe during pregnancy, always consult a doctor before using Pentracin while pregnant or breastfeeding.

5. Severe Diarrhea:

   • In cases of severe diarrhea during treatment, Clostridium difficile infection should be considered, and the treatment should be discontinued.

Summary:

Pentracin (Ampicillin Sodium 500mg Powder for Injection) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and gastrointestinal system. It is available as a 500mg powder for IV or IM injection.

• Indications: Respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, and bloodstream infections, as well as prophylaxis during surgery.

• Dosage: Typically 500mg to 2g every 4 to 6 hours depending on the severity of the infection.

• Side Effects: Common include gastrointestinal upset and rash; serious effects may include allergic reactions, liver dysfunction, or severe diarrhea.

• Contraindications: Contraindicated in penicillin allergies, severe renal dysfunction, and mononucleosis.

As with any antibiotic, Pentracin should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider, and the full course of therapy should be completed to ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent resistance.