Captopril (Captobes) 25mg Ace Inhibitor Tablet 100's

Here is the detailed information for Captopril (Captobes) 25mg ACE Inhibitor Tablet 100's:

Product Description:

Captopril (Captobes 25mg) is an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used primarily for the management of hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart failure. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting this enzyme, Captopril helps to relax blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and reduce the strain on the heart. This medication also helps to improve heart function in conditions like heart failure and after a heart attack.

Each tablet of Captobes 25mg contains 25mg of Captopril, and the pack contains 100 tablets.

Indications:

Captopril (Captobes 25mg) is indicated for the treatment of:

1. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure):

   • Captopril is used to treat high blood pressure, either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.

2. Heart Failure:

   • It is used to improve symptoms and increase survival in patients with heart failure by reducing the workload of the heart.

3. Post-Myocardial Infarction (Post-Heart Attack):

   • Captopril is used to improve survival rates after a heart attack by reducing the strain on the heart and preventing further damage.

4. Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Damage Due to Diabetes):

   • Captopril is used to protect the kidneys in patients with diabetes, particularly those who have early signs of kidney damage.

5. Chronic Kidney Disease:

   • It may be used in patients with kidney disease to slow the progression of renal dysfunction.

Dosages:

The dosage of Captopril (Captobes 25mg) depends on the condition being treated and the patient's response to the medication.

For Hypertension (High Blood Pressure):

• Initial dose: 25mg twice daily.

• Maintenance dose: The dose can be gradually increased, typically to 50mg twice daily, depending on the patient's blood pressure response.

• The maximum dose is 150mg per day, divided into two or three doses.

For Heart Failure:

• Initial dose: 6.25mg to 12.5mg three times daily.

• Maintenance dose: Gradually increase to 25mg to 50mg three times daily based on patient tolerance and response.

• The maximum dose is 150mg per day, divided into three doses.

For Post-Myocardial Infarction (Post-Heart Attack):

• Initial dose: 6.25mg to 12.5mg three times daily for the first few days.

• Maintenance dose: Gradually increase to 25mg to 50mg three times daily depending on the patient's tolerance.

For Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Protection in Diabetes):

• Initial dose: 25mg twice daily.

• Maintenance dose: Adjust based on response, up to a maximum of 150mg per day, divided into two or three doses.

For Chronic Kidney Disease:

• Initial dose: Typically 25mg twice daily, adjusted as needed based on kidney function and blood pressure.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of Captopril (Captobes 25mg) include:

1. Dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up quickly.

2. Fatigue or tiredness.

3. Cough, which is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

4. Nausea or vomiting.

5. Rash or itching.

6. Headache.

7. Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia).

8. Low blood pressure (hypotension).

9. Angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat), a rare but serious side effect.

10. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (kidney function markers).

Serious side effects include:

1. Severe hypotension (very low blood pressure).

2. Angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat), which can cause difficulty breathing and requires immediate medical attention.

3. Severe hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), which can lead to life-threatening heart arrhythmias.

4. Liver dysfunction, with symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice).

5. Acute kidney failure, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney problems.

6. Severe allergic reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.

If any of these serious side effects occur, immediate medical attention should be sought.

Contraindications:

Captopril (Captobes 25mg) should not be used in the following situations:

1. Hypersensitivity to Captopril or any component of the formulation.

   • If there is a known allergy to Captopril or other ACE inhibitors, this medication should not be used.

2. History of Angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat) related to previous ACE inhibitor therapy.

   • Captopril can cause a recurrence of angioedema in susceptible patients.

3. Pregnancy (Category D):

   • Captopril can harm the fetus, especially in the second and third trimesters. It is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects, low blood pressure, and kidney damage to the fetus.

4. Breastfeeding:

   • Captopril is excreted in breast milk, and its use is contraindicated during breastfeeding.

5. Bilateral Renal Artery Stenosis (narrowing of both renal arteries):

   • In patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis, ACE inhibitors like Captopril can cause kidney failure.

6. Severe Renal Impairment:

   • Captopril should be avoided in patients with severe renal impairment unless the benefit outweighs the risk, as it can worsen kidney function.

7. Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels):

   • Captopril is contraindicated in patients with elevated potassium levels, as it may exacerbate the condition.

8. Severe Aortic Stenosis or Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy:

   • Captopril should not be used in patients with these heart conditions unless specifically instructed by a healthcare provider, as it can cause complications in blood flow.

Precautions:

1. Renal Function:

   • Kidney function should be monitored regularly, especially when starting therapy with Captopril or adjusting the dose. Dose adjustments may be necessary for patients with impaired renal function.

2. Electrolyte Imbalances:

   • Captopril can cause elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia). Regular monitoring of potassium levels is recommended, especially in patients who are taking potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics.

3. Hypotension:

   • Patients should be monitored for low blood pressure, especially after the first dose. It is advisable to start therapy with a lower dose if the patient is at risk of dehydration or volume depletion (e.g., due to diuretic use).

4. Cough:

   • A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like Captopril. If the cough becomes bothersome, the medication may need to be discontinued and an alternative prescribed.

5. Surgery and Anesthesia:

   • Inform the surgeon or anesthesiologist about Captopril use before undergoing surgery, as it can interact with anesthetic agents and cause hypotension.

6. Diabetes:

   • Captopril may mask some symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially in diabetic patients. Blood sugar should be monitored regularly.

Summary:

Captopril (Captobes 25mg) is an ACE inhibitor commonly used to treat hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and for post-heart attack care. It works by blocking the enzyme that causes blood vessels to constrict, helping to lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.

The typical dosage for hypertension starts at 25mg twice daily, with the maximum dose being 150mg per day. For heart failure, the dose starts at a lower amount and is gradually increased.

Common side effects include dizziness, fatigue, and a dry cough, while more serious effects can include angioedema, severe hypotension, and hyperkalemia. It is contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding, renal artery stenosis, and severe kidney disease. Caution is advised for patients with renal impairment, electrolyte imbalances, and diabetes. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting treatment with Captopril.