Cloxacillin (Dialox) 125mg/5ml Powder for Suspension 60ml

Here’s a detailed overview of Cloxacillin (Dialox) 125mg/5ml Powder for Suspension 60ml:

Product Description:

Cloxacillin is a penicillin-class antibiotic used to treat infections caused by penicillin-sensitive bacteria. It is available as a 125mg/5ml powder for oral suspension, packaged in 60ml bottles. Cloxacillin is primarily used for treating bacterial infections caused by gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species. It works by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis of bacteria, leading to bacterial death.

Indications:

Cloxacillin (Dialox) is indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections, including:

1. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections:

   • Such as abscesses, boils, cellulitis, and impetigo caused by susceptible bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus.

2. Respiratory Tract Infections:

   • Such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and other susceptible organisms.

3. Bone and Joint Infections:

   • Such as osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

4. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):

   • Cloxacillin is effective in treating urinary tract infections caused by Staphylococcus species.

5. Endocarditis:

   • Used as part of the treatment regimen for endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

6. Meningitis:

   • For the treatment of meningitis caused by gram-positive organisms.

Dosage and Administration:

Cloxacillin (Dialox) should be taken as prescribed by a healthcare provider. The dosage may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the patient's age, and other factors.

For Children (1 month and older):

• Dose: 25–50 mg/kg/day divided into 4 doses, given every 6 hours.

• Maximum Dose: Typically, up to 100 mg/kg/day depending on infection severity.

For Adults:

• Initial Dose: 500 mg every 6 hours.

• Severe Infections: 1-2 g every 6 hours.

The dosage may be adjusted depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s response. Cloxacillin should be taken with food to avoid gastrointestinal upset.

Side Effects:

As with any antibiotic, Cloxacillin (Dialox) can cause side effects. Common and serious side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea or vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Abdominal pain

• Rash or itching

• Mild allergic reactions, such as fever or swelling

Serious Side Effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (Anaphylaxis): Signs include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat.

• Severe skin reactions: Such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.

• Hepatotoxicity: Liver enzyme abnormalities, jaundice, and other signs of liver dysfunction.

• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (C. difficile): An overgrowth of the bacteria in the intestines, leading to severe diarrhea and colitis.

• Hemolytic anemia: A reduction in red blood cells, leading to fatigue, paleness, and weakness.

Rare Side Effects:

• Severe allergic reactions including shock.

• Renal impairment (especially with prolonged high doses).

• Interstitial nephritis (kidney inflammation).

Contraindications:

Cloxacillin (Dialox) should not be used in patients who have:

1. Hypersensitivity to Cloxacillin or any other penicillin antibiotics (such as amoxicillin, penicillin G).

   • Cloxacillin is contraindicated in individuals with a known penicillin allergy.

2. History of Severe Allergic Reactions to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics:

   • Patients with a history of anaphylaxis or serious allergic reactions to any beta-lactam antibiotics should avoid using Cloxacillin.

3. Severe Hepatic Impairment:

   • Use with caution or avoid in patients with severe liver disease or those with liver dysfunction.

4. Mononucleosis:

   • Cloxacillin should not be used in patients with mononucleosis due to a higher risk of developing exanthematous (skin) rashes.

Precautions:

1. Allergic Reactions:

   • Before using Cloxacillin (Dialox), ensure the patient is not allergic to penicillins or cephalosporins. Patients should be monitored for allergic reactions (skin rash, swelling, itching, difficulty breathing).

2. Liver Function:

   • Regular liver function tests may be needed in patients with pre-existing liver disease or those receiving prolonged therapy.

3. Renal Impairment:

   • Cloxacillin should be used with caution in patients with renal dysfunction, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.

4. Superinfection:

   • Prolonged use of antibiotics may lead to superinfection with non-susceptible organisms, including yeast infections.

5. C. difficile-Associated Diarrhea:

   • Clostridium difficile can cause severe diarrhea during or after treatment. If severe diarrhea occurs, treatment should be discontinued and appropriate management should be initiated.

6. Pregnancy and Lactation:

   • Cloxacillin is considered safe to use during pregnancy (Category B), though it should only be used if clearly needed. It is excreted in breast milk, so caution should be exercised when giving it to nursing mothers.

Summary:

Cloxacillin (Dialox) is a penicillin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections such as skin infections, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and bone and joint infections. It is available as a 125mg/5ml powder for oral suspension. The typical dosage for children is 25-50 mg/kg/day, divided into 4 doses, and for adults, it is 500 mg every 6 hours or higher for severe infections.

Side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, rash, and more serious reactions such as severe allergic reactions, liver dysfunction, and C. difficile-associated diarrhea. It is contraindicated in patients with a known penicillin allergy and should be used with caution in patients with liver or renal impairment. Always use Cloxacillin under the supervision of a healthcare professional.