Isoflurane (Isorane) 100% v/v Liquid Inhalation General Anesthetic 100ml

Generic Name:  ISOFLURANE

Brand Name:  ISORANE

Strength: 100% v/v LIQUID INHALATION GENERAL ANESTHETHIC 100ml

Form: LIQUID

Manufacturer: PIRAMAL PHARMA LIMITED 

Imported and Distributed by: I.E. MEDICA INC.

Classification: HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON

Indication/Uses: 

Product Description:

Isoflurane (Isorane) 100% v/v Liquid Inhalation is a volatile liquid general anesthetic used to induce and maintain general anesthesia during surgical procedures. It is administered via inhalation and is typically used in combination with other anesthetic agents to provide complete anesthesia during operations. Isoflurane has a rapid onset and offset of action, making it suitable for a variety of surgical contexts. It is commonly used in both adults and pediatric patients. Isoflurane is known for its ability to provide stable cardiovascular conditions during anesthesia, making it a preferred agent in many clinical settings.

Indications:

Isoflurane is indicated for:

• Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery. It can be used in both adult and pediatric patients.

• Monitored anesthesia care: Isoflurane can be utilized for patients who require conscious sedation, ensuring a state of adequate analgesia and amnesia.

Dosages:

The dosage of Isoflurane is individualized based on the patient’s age, weight, medical condition, and the nature of the surgery. It is delivered via inhalation with the concentration adjusted to maintain the required depth of anesthesia. The general guidelines are as follows:

• Induction (Adults): Typically, a concentration of 1.5%–3.0% in oxygen is used to induce general anesthesia. The onset of anesthesia occurs quickly, usually within a few minutes.

• Maintenance (Adults): During surgery, the concentration is typically maintained between 0.5%–1.5% (or higher, if required), depending on the depth of anesthesia needed.

• Induction (Pediatrics): For children aged 2 years and older, induction typically occurs with a concentration of 3.0%–5.0% in oxygen.

• Maintenance (Pediatrics): For children, maintenance is typically achieved with concentrations between 1.0%–3.0%, again depending on the depth of anesthesia required.

Note: Adjustments to the concentration may be necessary depending on the patient’s response and clinical condition, and the anesthesia provider will monitor and titrate accordingly.

Side Effects:

Isoflurane may cause side effects, some of which may be serious. Common side effects include:

• Cardiovascular effects: Hypotension, arrhythmias, bradycardia (slow heart rate), and tachycardia (fast heart rate) may occur.

• Respiratory effects: Respiratory depression or shallow breathing, increased airway resistance, and hypoventilation.

• Nausea and vomiting: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common following general anesthesia.

• CNS effects: Dizziness, headache, confusion, or drowsiness post-procedure.

• Musculoskeletal effects: Muscle rigidity or muscle tremors can occur, particularly in pediatric patients.

• Hepatic effects: Rarely, isoflurane may cause liver enzyme elevation or hepatic injury.

• Malignant Hyperthermia: Although rare, isoflurane can trigger malignant hyperthermia, a life-threatening condition characterized by rapid onset of hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and metabolic acidosis.

Serious side effects that require immediate medical attention include:

• Severe allergic reactions: Rash, itching, swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), and difficulty breathing.

• Arrhythmias: Unusual heart rhythms that may be life-threatening.

Contraindications:

Isoflurane should not be used in the following conditions:

• Hypersensitivity to Isoflurane or other halogenated inhaled anesthetics: Known allergic reactions to isoflurane or other similar anesthetics contraindicate its use.

• Malignant Hyperthermia (MH): Isoflurane is contraindicated in patients with a family history or a known susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.

• Severe hepatic dysfunction: Patients with severe liver disease or cirrhosis may not tolerate isoflurane due to its metabolism in the liver.

• History of severe reactions to halogenated inhalation agents: Previous life-threatening reactions to volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane are a contraindication.

• Porphyria: Isoflurane may trigger or worsen porphyria, a rare group of disorders involving heme production.

• Pediatric patients with certain conditions: Isoflurane should be used with caution in infants and young children, particularly if they have known risk factors for adverse reactions (e.g., certain congenital disorders).

Warnings and Precautions:

• Caution in cardiovascular conditions: Isoflurane can lower blood pressure and affect heart rate, so it should be used with caution in patients with compromised cardiovascular function.

• Renal dysfunction: Although isoflurane is minimally excreted unchanged in the urine, caution is still advised in patients with kidney disease.

• Pregnancy: Isoflurane should only be used during pregnancy if clearly needed, as it may cross the placenta and affect the fetus. It is generally classified as a Category C drug, meaning risk cannot be ruled out.

• Lactation: It is unknown whether isoflurane is excreted in human milk, so caution is advised when administered to breastfeeding mothers.

Isoflurane is a potent anesthetic agent, and its administration should always be done by trained medical professionals in a controlled setting, such as an operating room, with proper monitoring of the patient's vital signs and anesthesia depth.